Torque transmission device and motor vehicle with a torque transmission device

专利摘要:
The invention relates to a torque transmission device and a motor vehicle having a torque transmission device, wherein the torque transmission device comprises a first planetary gear with at least a first planetary gear and a second planetary gear, a planetary shaft, at least a first ring gear and / or a first sun gear and at least one second ring gear and / or a second sun gear. In this case, the first planet gear meshes with the first ring gear and / or the first sun gear and the second planet gear meshes with the second ring gear and / or the second sun gear. The first and the second planetary gear are arranged axially spaced from each other on the planet shaft and each rotatably connected to the planetary shaft or rotationally connected. The planetary shaft is supported in such a manner that the planetary gears are fixed in position on their orbit.
公开号:AT15018U2
申请号:TGM50119/2016U
申请日:2016-07-01
公开日:2016-11-15
发明作者:Helmut Kassler；Ivan Andrasec
申请人:Avl List Gmbh；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

description
TORQUE TRANSMISSION DEVICE AND MOTOR VEHICLE WITH A TORQUE TRANSMISSION DEVICE
The present invention relates to a torque transmitting device with a planetary gear, in particular a torque transmitting device for a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle with such a torque transmitting device.
Torque transmission devices with a planetary gear, especially for motor vehicles, are basically known from the prior art. Generic torque transmission devices have in many cases additionally one or more, parallel and / or connected in series, further planetary gear and / or at least one other transmission, such as a simple spur gear or the like. With respect to the prior art, reference is hereby made by way of example to WO 2014/063980 and US Pat. No. 8,246,500 A.
Planetary gears generally have at least one central, arranged on a first shaft, externally toothed sun gear, at least one, preferably two or three, respectively arranged on planetary shafts, also externally toothed planetary gears, and at least one internally toothed ring gear, wherein the planet gears with their Planetary waves usually circulate in an orbit around the sun gear and mesh with the sun gear and with the internally toothed ring gear, which rotates about another shaft, which is usually arranged coaxially to the sun shaft.
Depending on the storage of the individual shafts of the planetary gear and the ability to set the individual transmission elements of the planetary gear, for example by means of one or more braking device, and / or the ability to rotatably connect the individual transmission elements with an input or output shaft or the To solve slewing, for example by means of one or more couplings, different translations can be realized with different spreads.
From the prior art here are a variety of concepts and designs for the arrangement and storage of the individual transmission elements and the arrangement and design of the active compounds of the individual transmission elements, both together, as well as in cooperation with existing braking devices and / or couplings known.
From US 3,090,258, for example, a planetary gear known with a rotatably mounted in a housing planet carrier on which a plurality of planetary shafts are supported, on each of which a first and a second planetary gear are arranged side by side, wherein the first planetary gear with a sun gear of the planetary gear meshes and the second planetary gear with a ring gear.
From DE-OS 1 551 089 a planetary gear is also known, in which the planetary gears are each rotatably mounted on a planet shaft fixed in the housing.
Against the background of this prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved torque transmitting device, in particular an improved torque transmitting device in relation to a space requirement required in a functional condition of use. Another object of the invention is to provide a vehicle with such a torque transmitting device.
These objects are achieved by the teaching of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims and are explained in more detail below. The wording of the claims is made the subject of the description by express reference.
A torque transmission device according to the invention, in particular for a
Motor vehicle, preferably has a first planetary gear, wherein the first planetary gear at least a first planetary gear and a second planetary gear, a planetary shaft, at least a first ring gear and / or a first sun gear and at least one second ring gear and / or a second sun gear. In this case, the first planet gear meshes with the first ring gear and / or with the first sun gear and the second planetary gear meshes with the second ring gear and / or the second sun gear, wherein the first and the second planetary gear axially spaced from each other on the planet shaft are arranged and respectively are drehverbindbar or rotationally connected to the planetary shaft. The planetary shaft is mounted in such a way that the planet gears are fixed in a position on its orbit.
That is, the planetary shaft according to the invention is mounted such that the planetary gears can not rotate like satellites about a first and / or second sun gear and / or can be moved within the first ring gear and / or the second ring gear in an orbit, but are fixed in a position on the "orbit", wherein the planetary shaft is preferably rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis.
Under "rotationally connected" within the meaning of the invention is understood that the components mentioned in the respective context are rotatably connected to each other. In the sense of the invention, "rotatably connectable" is understood to mean that the components named in the respective context can be connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner, for example by closing an existing coupling or the like.
Preferably, the first planetary gear of a torque transmission device according to the invention at least two planetary shafts, in particular three planetary shafts, each with two axially spaced planetary gears, wherein the planetary shafts are preferably each mounted in such a way that the planet gears are fixed in a position on their orbit. Particularly preferably, the planetary shafts and thus also the planetary gears are arranged distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction or substantially in the circumferential direction, i. preferably offset by 120 ° at three planetary shafts.
The inventive storage of the planetary shaft of the first planetary gear, through which the planetary gears are fixed in its orbit, allows, in particular with regard to the installation of a torque transmission device according to the invention in a motor vehicle available space, especially in an arrangement of the torque transmission device in Power flow direction between at least one drive motor and a drivable axle of the motor vehicle, a particularly advantageous construction or a particularly advantageous embodiment of the torque transmission device.
In particular, can be provided by the inventive bearing of the planetary shaft of the first planetary gear in a simple manner, a torque transmitting device in which in a simple manner, an input shaft of the torque transmitting device and an output shaft of the torque transmitting device in the vehicle longitudinal direction can be arranged on opposite sides of the torque transmitting device , in particular coaxial.
For the purposes of the invention is to be understood by planetary gear transmission, which has at least one, preferably two or three, respectively arranged on planetary gears, externally toothed planetary gears, and preferably at least one internally toothed ring gear, with which the planet gears mesh. Preferably, the planetary gear additionally has a central, arranged on a first shaft, externally toothed sun gear, wherein the planetary gears rotate with their planetary waves usually in an orbit about the sun gear and mesh with the sun gear. The ring gear rotates about a further shaft, which is further preferably arranged coaxially to the sun shaft.
As a result, the torque transmission device can be arranged in a simple manner in the vehicle longitudinal direction, which is in view of the available
Space in a motor vehicle, especially in passenger cars with front engine and rear and / or four-wheel drive, is very beneficial. Because of the longitudinal arrangement of vehicles with front engine and rear and / or four-wheel drive usually existing, extending in the vehicle longitudinal transmission tunnel in the radial direction or in the vehicle transverse direction and vehicle vertical direction can be made particularly compact, so that more space for the interior are provided can. In particular, a coaxial arrangement of a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine can be realized with a provided for connection to a driven axle output shaft without great effort.
In the context of the invention, an input shaft is to be understood as meaning a shaft which can be rotationally connected to a drive motor for transmitting a torque from the drive motor to the torque transmission device or to the components of the torque transmission device. The input shaft is preferably led out of the housing of the torque transmission device for rotational connection with the drive motor and in particular rotatably supported by the housing of the torque transmission device or mounted in the housing.
In the context of the invention is meant by an output shaft, a shaft which can be rotatably connected to a drivable axle for transmitting a torque from the torque transmitting device or its components to the drivable axle.
The torque transmission device according to the invention with planetary gear has the particular advantage that it is particularly compact and so requires little space. Therefore, this can be used in particular in confined space conditions, such as in the field of powertrain of a motor vehicle. For just in this application between a drive motor and a driven axle is a particularly compact design or adapted to the given space requirements configuration of the torque transmitting device required to the conflict between a maximum ground clearance, plenty of space in the interior and the requirement, as possible To be able to transfer large drive power, in particular large torques to solve as well as possible.
In an advantageous embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, the torque transmission device has a fixed housing, wherein the planetary shaft of the first planetary gear is mounted in the housing.
If the first planetary gear has a plurality of planetary shafts, at least one planetary shaft is preferably mounted in the fixed housing of the torque-transmitting device, in particular all of the planetary shafts of the first planetary gear are mounted in the stationary housing of the torque-transmitting device.
In a further advantageous embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, the planetary shaft of the first planetary gear is in a region between the planetary gears, that is preferably stored in the axial direction between the first planetary gear and the second planetary gear, in a housing wall extending in the radial direction, wherein the planetary shaft is preferably passed for storage in the housing wall with at least a portion of the area between the planet gears through a recess in the housing wall, preferably through a through hole.
The housing wall, in which the planetary shaft is preferably mounted, preferably extends in the radial direction into the housing interior and preferably forms a kind of web or the like and in particular has a corresponding recess, preferably a through hole or the like, through which the planetary shaft is passed.
For the lowest possible radial space requirement of the bearing of the planetary shaft, the planetary shaft is preferably slidably mounted in the housing and / or supported by at least one radially in the radial direction of low rolling bearing in the housing, in particular by means of at least one needle bearing.
If the first planetary gear has a plurality of planetary shafts, preferably at least one planetary shaft is supported in the housing in this way, in particular all planetary shafts of the first planetary gear are supported in the housing in this manner. Of course, the individual planetary waves can be stored in different ways. It is only important that the planetary shafts are mounted in such a way that the planetary gears are fixed in a position in their orbit.
The inventive use of the housing wall, in particular a web-like inwardly extending housing wall in the radial direction, for supporting the planetary shaft of the first planetary gear, can in a simple manner a particularly compact and especially with regard to the in a functional installation state a torque-transmitting device according to the invention in a motor vehicle available space, particularly advantageous, adapted to the space conditions torque transmission device can be provided.
In a further advantageous embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, the torque transmission device has at least one input shaft for rotational connection with at least one drive motor, in particular for rotational connection with an internal combustion engine and / or an electric machine, and at least one output shaft for rotary connection with at least one first drivable axle in particular for rotational connection with at least one first drivable axle of a motor vehicle, wherein preferably the second ring gear and / or the second sun gear of the first planetary gear is rotatably connected or rotationally connected to at least one output shaft of the torque transmission device.
Preferably, the torque transmitting device is designed such that at least one input shaft and at least one output shaft of the torque transmitting device are arranged coaxially with each other.
The input shaft may be formed for direct rotary connection to the drive motor and / or for indirect rotary connection, wherein in an indirect rotary connection between the input shaft and the drive motor in the power flow direction further, torque transmitting components are arranged, preferably a clutch and / or a transmission ,
The output shaft may be formed according to the direct rotary connection with the driven axle and / or for indirect rotary connection, wherein in an indirect rotary connection between the output shaft and the driven axle in the power flow direction further, torque transmitting components are arranged, preferably a clutch and / or a transmission, in particular a hypoid gear and / or a bevel gear and / or a spur gear and / or a differential gear.
In a further advantageous embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, the torque transmission device in addition to the first planetary gear on another transmission, wherein the further transmission has an output side with at least one output element and a drive side with at least one drive element. In this case, preferably, an output element of the further transmission with the first ring gear and / or the first sun gear of the first planetary gear is drehverbindbar or rotationally connected, and at least one drive element of the further transmission is drehverbindbar or rotationally connected to at least one input shaft of the torque transmitting device.
A torque transmission device according to the invention thus preferably has a further transmission, which is in particular connected upstream of the first planetary gear in the power flow direction or to which the first planetary gear is connected downstream in the power flow direction.
By integrating a previously described, first planetary gear according to the invention in an originally provided for a transverse arrangement torque transmission device with a further transmission in which extends at least one input and / or output shaft in the vehicle longitudinal direction and at least one input and / or output shaft in the vehicle transverse direction , with downstream in the power flow direction of the further transmission arrangement, a torque transmission device can be provided in a simple manner, which is designed for arrangement in the vehicle longitudinal direction and at least one extending in the vehicle longitudinal direction input shaft and at least one extending in the vehicle longitudinal direction output shaft.
In a further advantageous embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, the further transmission, based on a functional installation state of the torque transmission device in a motor vehicle, arranged in front or behind the first planetary gear in the vehicle longitudinal direction, wherein the first planetary gear is preferably arranged on the output side of the further transmission ,
In a further advantageous embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, the further transmission at least a second planetary gear and preferably a third planetary gear, wherein the second planetary gear as a transmission elements preferably at least a third planetary gear for meshing with a third sun gear and a third ring gear and a Planet carrier for rotatably supporting at least one of the third planet gears. The third planetary gear has as gear elements preferably at least a fourth planetary gear for meshing with a fourth sun gear and with a fourth ring gear and for meshing with one of the third planetary gears, wherein in particular at least one of the fourth planetary gears is rotatably supported by the planetary gear.
Further trained in this way gearbox with two series-connected planetary gears whose planetary gears are supported on a common planet carrier, are described for example in DE 10 2014 223 340. The contents of this document, in particular the gearboxes disclosed therein, are incorporated herein by express reference.
Due to the additional additional gear can be adjusted with different ratios with appropriate arrangement of additional switching elements, such as brake devices and / or clutches, more different modes of operation, which allows improved performance, especially a more efficient performance, one of the torque transmitting device operatively connected drive motor In particular, the drive motor can be operated with a better efficiency.
In an alternative, but also advantageous embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, the further transmission at least a second planetary gear and preferably a third planetary gear and in particular a fourth planetary gear, wherein the second planetary gear as a transmission elements preferably at least a third planetary gear for combing with a third Has sun gear and a third ring gear and a planet carrier for rotatably supporting at least one of the third planetary gears.
The third planetary gear has as gear elements preferably at least a fourth planet gear for meshing with a fourth sun gear and a fourth ring gear, wherein in particular at least one of the fourth planet gears is rotatably supported by the planetary gear.
The fourth planetary gear has as gear elements preferably at least a fifth planet gear for meshing with a fifth sun gear and at least a sixth planet gear for meshing with a fifth ring gear and at least one of the fifth planet gears.
In particular, the fifth sun gear of the fourth planetary gear is rotatably connected to the third sun gear of the second planetary gear or drehverbindbar and the fifth ring gear of the fourth planetary gear with the fourth ring gear of the third planetary gear, wherein at least one of the fifth planetary gears and at least one of the sixth planetary gears fourth planetary gear are rotatably supported by the planet carrier.
A trained in this way, further transmission with three series-connected planetary gears whose planetary gears are supported on a common planet carrier, wherein one of the planetary gear, in the above case, the fourth planetary gear, in the radial direction between the sun gear and the ring gear two planet gears which revolve around the sun wheel on two different orbits between the sun gear and the ring gear are likewise described in DE 10 2014 223 340.
Preferably, the fourth planetary gear set is designed as a reduction or reduction gear to reduce the input speed. Particularly preferably, the fourth planetary gear set is designed as a negative gear with reversal of the effective direction of the output torque. With the fourth planetary gear set, the spread of the available or shiftable ratios can be increased, resulting in improved efficiency.
In a further advantageous embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, the further transmission to a first braking device, configured for releasably fixing at least one of the transmission elements of the second planetary gear and / or the fourth planetary gear and a second braking device, designed for releasably setting the fourth Sun gear of the third planetary gear.
Under a braking device in the context of the invention is a device to understand, which is designed for the releasable fixing of transmission elements. When the brake device is open, however, the transmission element can rotate.
As already mentioned, further different operating modes can be set with different ratios by a corresponding arrangement of additional switching elements, such as brake devices and / or clutches, in addition to the adjustable by means of the first planetary gear operating modes. About the design and arrangement of the switching elements and the individual transmission elements, a larger or smaller spread of the translation and a finer or coarser gradation of the translations can be realized.
In a further advantageous embodiment of a torque-transmitting device according to the invention, at least one transmission element of the second planetary gear of the further transmission forms a drive element of the further transmission and is rotatably connected or rotationally connected to at least one input shaft. Preferably, the planet carrier and / or the third ring gear of the second planetary gear thereby forms a drive element of the further transmission.
In a further advantageous embodiment of a torque-transmitting device according to the invention, at least one transmission element of the third planetary gear and / or the fourth planetary gear of the further transmission with the first planetary gear drehverbindbar or rotationally connected, preferably with the first ring gear and / or the first sun gear of the first planetary gear. Preferably, the fourth ring gear of the third planetary gear and / or the fifth ring gear of the fourth planetary gear is rotatably connected or drehverbindbar with the first ring gear and / or the first sun gear of the first planetary gear.
In a further advantageous embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, the further transmission has a first clutch for producing and releasing a rotational connection of the input shaft with at least one of the transmission elements of the second planetary gear, preferably for producing and releasing a rotational connection with the third Ring gear of the second planetary gear, and a second clutch for producing and releasing a rotary connection of the input shaft with another of the transmission elements of the second planetary gear, preferably with the planet carrier. The first and second clutches are preferably arranged inside the housing of the torque transmission device and are in particular part of the torque transmission device.
If a torque transmission device according to the invention has no first and second clutch, the torque transmission device is preferably formed by a rotary connection with a front-mounted in the power flow direction and arranged between the torque transmission device and the drive motor double clutch device or two upstream in the power flow direction and between the Torque transmission device and the drive motor arranged single clutches the same effect can be achieved as with the above-described first and second clutch.
Dual clutch devices are basically known from the prior art, both as a dry-guided dual clutch device, as well as a wet-guided dual clutch device, wherein a dual clutch device usually designed for arrangement in the power flow direction between a drive shaft rotatably connected to a drive motor drive shaft and a torque transmitting device with two input shafts is. Accordingly, a double clutch device is usually formed for rotational connection with the drive shaft rotatably connected to the drive motor and for rotational connection with the two input shafts of the torque transmission device.
In particular, for use with a dual-clutch device described above, a torque transmission device according to the invention in a further advantageous embodiment, two input shafts, preferably the third ring gear of the second planetary gear and the planet carrier each form a drive element of the further transmission and are each rotatably connected to an input shaft, wherein the two input shafts of the torque-transmitting device are preferably led out of the housing of the torque-transmitting device and, in particular, are rotatably connectable to a drive motor by means of a dual-clutch device, in particular with an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
By such an embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention with two input shafts, which are preferably led out of the housing of the torque transmitting device, the same technical effect can be achieved with a corresponding embodiment of the torque transmitting device in conjunction with a conventional, known from the prior art dual clutch device as with a torque transmitting device having a first clutch for making and releasing a rotary connection of the input shaft with at least one of the transmission elements of the second planetary gear and a second clutch for producing and releasing a rotary connection of the input shaft with another of the transmission elements of the second planetary gear. In particular, the same number of translations can be made available.
Under a clutch in the context of the invention is a mechanical device with at least two coupling parts to understand, the two coupling parts in a closed state of the clutch with each other mechanically, in particular frictional or positive locking, are rotationally connected and can rotate independently in an open state. Preferably, the two coupling parts each with a shaft, in particular cohesively, rotatably connected.
In a further advantageous embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, at least one switching element, preferably at least one brake device and / or a coupling of the torque transmission device, in particular a braking device, arranged in the radial direction inside within the range between the axially spaced planetary gears of the first planetary gear, in particular inside of the extending in the radial direction of the housing wall, in which the planetary shaft of the first planetary gear is mounted.
That is, preferably, at least one switching element in the axial direction between the planetary gears of the first planetary gear and in the radial direction within the planetary shaft of this planetary gear is arranged. Such an arrangement of the individual components of a torque transmission device according to the invention allows a particularly compact design. In particular, with the aid of an inventively designed first planetary gear in this way an axial passage on at least one switching element possible, whereby in the radial direction a particularly compact design can be achieved.
In a further advantageous embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, the torque transmission device has at least one second drive motor, preferably an electric machine operable as an electric motor and / or the torque transmission device is drehverbindbar with at least one second drive motor. In this case, the second drive motor is preferably rotatably connected to the further transmission or drehverbindbar, in particular with the drive side of the further transmission, preferably with a drive element of the further transmission, in particular with the third ring gear of the second planetary gear, and / or with at least one input shaft of the torque transmission device. Preferably, the torque transmission device has a fourth clutch for producing and releasing a rotary connection of the second drive motor to the drive side of the further transmission. The second drive motor, in particular the electric machine, is preferably arranged on the drive side of the further transmission. Of course, the second drive motor, in particular the electric machine, but also be arranged in the radial direction outside of the other transmission or on the output side.
By an additional second drive motor, in particular by an additional electric machine, an advantageous tuning of the translations can be realized, in particular, an E-CVT operating mode can be enabled, i. E. an operating mode in which the drive power of the first drive motor, in particular the drive power of an internal combustion engine, the drive power of an electric motor operated electric machine is superimposed, wherein by adjusting the output from the electric machine speed and the output torque, the translation of the torque transmitting device at least in a translation range can be adjusted continuously.
Under an electric machine according to the invention is an arrangement of stator and rotor to understand, with the rotor and stator can interact with each other electromagnetically. Preferably, the stator rotatably connected in particular with the housing can act on the rotor with electromagnetic forces such that the rotor can deliver a torque, so that the electric machine acts as an electric motor (motor operation). Alternatively, the stator can be acted upon by the rotor with electromagnetic forces such that the electric machine can provide electrical energy and acts as an electric generator (generator operation). The stator may selectively bias the rotor to rotate in one of two opposite directions of rotation. The electric machine is preferably configured such that the rotational speed of the rotor can assume different values within a rotational speed interval.
In a further advantageous embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, the torque transmission device has at least one further clutch, in particular a third clutch, preferably for producing and releasing a rotary connection between at least one input shaft of the torque transmission device with a second driven shaft and / or for manufacturing and releasing a rotary connection between the electric machine and the second drivable axle and / or for establishing and releasing a rotary connection between the second ring gear and / or the second sun gear of the first planetary gear and the output shaft, wherein the third clutch is preferably designed and arranged such that both the rotational connection between the electric machine with the second drivable axle and the rotational connection between at least one input shaft of the torque transmission device with the two ten drivable axle can be produced and solvable.
In this way can be switched in a simple manner between four-wheel drive and single-axis drive and / or a direct drive of the second driven axle can be realized. Of course, the rotational connection with the second drivable axle can also take place indirectly, that is to say not only via the third clutch, but also other components, for example a further transmission, can be arranged between the third clutch and the second drivable axle in the power flow direction, wherein Various configurations are possible.
Preferably, the third clutch is designed as a clutch, which allows for a four-wheel drive motor vehicle with two drivable axles, especially in a four-wheel drive motor vehicle with drivable front axle and drivable rear axle, a division of the drive power to the two drivable axles, in particular by means of a targeted Torque distribution, the so-called "torque vectoring".
Preferably, the torque transmission device comprises at least one further clutch, in particular a fifth clutch, preferably for producing and releasing a rotary connection between at least one output shaft of the torque transmission device with a second drivable axle, wherein the fifth clutch is particularly preferably designed and arranged in such a way in that a desired torque distribution between the first drivable axle and the second drivable axle is adjustable.
In this way can be switched in a simple manner between four-wheel drive and single-axis drive. Of course, the rotational connection with the second drivable axle can also take place indirectly, that is to say not only via the fifth clutch, but in the power flow direction further components, for example a further transmission, can be arranged between the fifth clutch and the second drivable axle, wherein Various configurations are possible.
An inventive motor vehicle has at least one first drive motor, preferably an internal combustion engine, and at least one first drivable axle and a torque transmission device according to the invention arranged in the power flow direction between the first drive motor and the first drivable axle.
In a further advantageous embodiment of a motor vehicle according to the invention at least one input shaft of the torque transmitting device is rotatably connected to the first drive motor or drehverbindbar and the output shaft of the torque transmitting device is preferably rotatably connected to the first drivable axle or drehverbindverbind.
In this case, the first drive motor is preferably directly connected in rotation with an input shaft of the torque transmission device. If the torque transmission device has two input shafts, the first drive motor can preferably be connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the input shaft of the torque transmission device by means of a double clutch.
The input shaft can be directly connected to the first drive motor, such as an internal combustion engine, rotationally connected or drehverbindbar and / or indirectly via further, arranged between the first drive motor and the input shaft in the power flow direction components rotationally connected to the first drive motor or drehverbindbar, for example via a clutch or a transmission.
The output shaft also does not have to be directly rotatably connected or rotatably connectable with the first drivable axle, it can of course also indirectly via a differential gear and / or via another gear, preferably via a hypoid gear, and / or other components, such as a Clutch, with this drehverbunden or be drehverbindbar. Preferably, the output shaft of the torque transmitting device, in particular in a two-axle motor vehicle with front axle and rear axle, with the rear axle and / or the front axle rotatably connected.
If the first drivable axle is a rear axle, it has proved to be particularly advantageous if the output shaft of the torque transmission device is connected to the wheels of the axle in a rotationally connected or rotationally connectable manner via a differential gear. If the first drivable axle is a front axle, it can be particularly advantageous if the output shaft of the torque transmission device is rotatably connected or rotationally connected to the wheels of the first drivable axle via a serially connected hypoid gear and a differential gear.
In a further advantageous embodiment of a motor vehicle according to the invention, the torque transmission device has two input shafts, wherein the two input shafts are preferably drehverbindbar by means of a dual clutch with the first drive motor, in particular with an internal combustion engine.
In a further advantageous embodiment of a motor vehicle according to the invention, the motor vehicle has a second drivable axle, at least one second drive motor, preferably an electric machine, and in particular a third clutch, wherein the electric machine is preferably operable as an electric motor and wherein the rotational connection between at least one input shaft and / or the second drive motor with the second drivable axle and / or between the second ring gear and / or the second sun gear of the first planetary gear and the output shaft of the torque transmission device can be produced and released by means of the third clutch.
These and other features and advantages will become apparent from the claims and from the description also from the drawings, wherein the individual features may be realized alone or in each case in the form of sub-combinations in an embodiment of the invention and an advantageous , as well as protectively capable of execution, for which also protection is claimed.
Some of the features mentioned or properties relate both to a torque transmission device according to the invention and to a vehicle according to the invention. Some of these features and properties are described only once, but apply independently in the context of technically possible embodiments both for a torque transmission device according to the invention as well as for a vehicle according to the invention.
In the following the invention with reference to several embodiments will be further explained, the invention being schematically illustrated in the accompanying drawings. 1a shows a transmission diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, FIG. 1b shows a table from which operating modes the torque transmission device according to the invention of FIG. 1a can be operated and which switching states of the individual 2 shows a transmission diagram of a second embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, FIG. 3a shows a transmission diagram of a third embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, FIG. 3b shows a table it can be seen in which operating modes the torque transmission device according to the invention of FIG. 3 a can be operated and which switching states of the individual switching elements are required for setting the respective operating modes, FIG. 4 e 5 a shows a transmission plan of a fifth exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, FIG. 5 b shows a table from which operating modes the torque transmission device according to the invention of FIG. 5 a can be seen [0085] FIG. 6 shows a transmission diagram of a sixth exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, [0086] FIG. 7a shows a transmission plan of a seventh exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, [ 0087] Fig. 7b shows a transmission plan of another, similar to the seventh Ausführungsbei play trained embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, [00 [0089] FIG. 7c shows a table from which operating modes the torque transmission devices according to the invention of FIG. 7a and FIG. 7b can be operated and which switching states of the individual switching elements are required for setting the respective operating modes, FIG. 8a 8b shows a table from which it can be seen in which operating modes the torque transmission device according to the invention of FIG. 8a can be operated and which switching states of the individual switching elements are required for setting the respective operating modes 9a shows a transmission diagram of a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, FIG. 9b shows a table from which operating modes the torque transmission device according to the invention from FIG 9a and which switching states of the individual switching elements are required for setting the respective operating modes, [0093] FIG. 10a shows a transmission diagram of a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, [0094] FIG 9a and which switching states of the individual switching elements are required for setting the respective operating modes, [0095] FIG. 11a shows a transmission plan of a further embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, [0096] FIG. 11b Table from which it can be seen in which operating modes the inven tion proper torque transmission device of Fig. 11a can be operated and which switching states of the individual switching elements for setting the respective operating modes are required [0097 12a shows a transmission diagram of a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, in which operating modes the torque transmission device according to the invention of FIG. 12a can be operated and which switching states of the individual switching elements for setting the 13a shows a transmission diagram of a further embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, FIG. 13b shows a transmission diagram of another, similar to that shown in FIG. 13a
14 shows a transmission plan of a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, FIG. 15 shows a transmission plan of a further embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention.
16a shows a transmission diagram of a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, [00104] FIG. 16b shows a transmission plan of a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, [00105] FIG. 16c shows a transmission plan of a further embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, [00106 16d is a table from which it can be seen in which operating modes the inventions to the invention torque transmission device from FIGS. 16a to 16c can be operated and which switching states of the individual switching elements for setting the respective operating modes are required, Fig. 16e a transmission plan a further embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, [00108] FIG. 16f a transmission plan of a further embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, [00109] FIG. 16g is a table from which it can be seen in which operating modes the inventions to the invention torque transmission device of FIGS. 16e and 16f can be operated and which switching states of the individual switching elements for setting the respective operating modes are required, [00110] Fig. 16h shows a transmission diagram of another embodiment 16i shows a transmission diagram of a further embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, FIG. 16j a table from which it can be seen in which operating modes the torque transmission device according to the invention from FIGS. 16h and 16i are operated can and which switching states of the individual switching elements for setting the respective operating modes are required, Fig. 17a shows a transmission diagram of another embodiment of a fiction, contemporary Drehmomentübertragungsvorr Fig. 17b shows a table from which it can be seen in which operating modes the torque transmission device according to the invention of Fig. 17a can be operated and which switching states of the individual switching elements are required for setting the respective operating modes, Fig. 18a a Transmission diagram of a further embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, Fig. 18b-1 a table from which it can be seen in which first ten operating modes torque transmission device of the invention can be operated from Fig. 18a and which switching states of the individual switching elements for setting the respective operating modes are required, in which the erfindungsge Permitted torque transmission device of Fig. 18a can be operated and which switching states of the individual switching elements for setting the respective Betri Fig. 19a shows a transmission diagram of a further embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, Fig. 19b-1 a table from which it can be seen in which first twelve operating modes the torque transmission device according to the invention from Fig. 19a can be operated and which switching states of the individual switching elements are required for setting the respective operating modes, FIG. 19b-2 a table with a further ten operating modes in which the erfindungsge Permitted torque transmission device of FIG. 19a can be operated and which switching states of the individual switching elements for setting Fig. 20a is a transmission diagram of another embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, Fig. 20b-1 is a table from which it can be seen in which first ten operating modes the erfindungsg 20a and which switching states of the individual switching elements are required for setting the respective operating modes, FIG. 20b-2 a table with a further eight operating modes in which the erfindungsge Permitted torque transmission device of Fig. 20a are operated Fig. 21a is a transmission diagram of another embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, and Fig. 21b-1 is a table from which can be seen in which first fifteen Betriebsmo di the torque transmission device according to the invention of Fig. 21a can be operated and which switching states of the individual switching elements for setting the respective operating modes are required, Fig. 21b-2 a table with a further thirteen operating modes, in 21a and which switching states of the individual switching elements are required for setting the respective operating modes, [00127] FIG. 21c shows a transmission plan of a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, [00128] FIG Table showing the fifteen operating modes in which the torque transmission device according to the invention from FIG. 21c can be operated and which switching states of the individual shift elements are required for setting the respective operating modes. [00129] FIG. 21e shows a transmission plan of a further embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, Fig. 21f is a table from which it can be seen in which ten operating modes, the inven tion proper torque transmission device of Fig. 21 e can be operated and which switching states Fig. 22a is a transmission diagram of another embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, Fig. 22b is a table from which it can be seen in which ten operating modes the inven tion proper torque transmission device of FIG Fig. 23a is a transmission diagram of a further embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention, Fig. 23b-1 is a table from which it can be seen Fig. 23a-c shows a transmission diagram of another embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention. in which first fifteen Betriebsmo di the torque transmission device according to the invention can be operated from Fig. 23a and which switching states of the individual switching elements for setting the respective operating modes are required, and Fig. 23b-2 a Tab elle with another thirteen modes of operation in which the inven tion proper torque transfer device of Fig. 23a can be operated and which switching states of the individual switching elements for setting the respective operating modes are required.
1a shows a first exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device 10 according to the invention, which is designed for longitudinal arrangement in a motor vehicle in power flow direction between an internal combustion engine VKM and a first drivable axle in the form of a drivable rear axle RWD, wherein the internal combustion engine VKM is arranged in the front region of the motor vehicle is.
The torque transmission device 10 according to the invention in this case has a fixed housing 11 and guided in the housing 11 input shaft 12 which can be rotatably connected to the engine VKM and led out of the housing output shaft 13 which rotatably connected to the driven rear axle RWD can be. The torque transmission device 10 is configured in such a way that the input shaft 12 and the output shaft 13 extend coaxially with each other in the vehicle longitudinal direction X.
According to the invention, the torque transmission device 10, a first planetary gear PG1, which has a first planetary gear P1 and a second planetary gear P2, which are each axially spaced from each other on a common planetary shaft PW and in this embodiment preferably rotatably connected to the planetary shaft PW ,
The planetary shaft PW is thereby passed in an area between the first planetary gear P1 and the second planetary gear P2 through a recess, not designated here, in the form of a through-bore in a radially inwardly extending housing wall 11 of the housing of the torque transmission device 10 and stored in this way in the housing 11, preferably slidably mounted.
The first planetary gear PG1 further includes a first ring gear H1 and a second sun gear S2, wherein the first ring gear H1 meshes with the first planetary gear P1 and the second sun gear S2 with the second planetary gear P2. The second sun gear S2 is rotatably connected to the output shaft 13, so rotationally connected.
The planetary shaft PW is supported in the fixed housing 11 in such a manner that the first planetary gear P1 and the second planetary gear P2 and the planetary shaft PW are fixed in their orbit in one position, so that the planetary shaft PW with the planetary gears P1 and P2 can not revolve around the second sun gear S2 like a satellite.
Further, the torque transmission device according to the invention comprises a further gear WG, which is upstream in the power flow direction of the first planetary gear PG1 or the first planetary gear PG1 downstream in the power flow direction, the further gear WG has a driven side 14 and a drive side 15th
In this embodiment, the further gear WG a second planetary gear PG2 and a third planetary gear PG3, wherein the second planetary gear PG2 has a third sun gear S3, a third planetary gear P3 and a third ring gear H3, wherein the third planetary gear P3 with the third ring gear H3 and the third sun gear S3 meshes and is supported on a planet carrier PT.
The third planetary gear PG3 has a fourth sun gear S4, a fourth planetary gear P4 and a fourth ring gear H4, the fourth planetary gear P4 of the third planetary gear PG3 meshes with the fourth ring gear H4 and the fourth sun gear S4 and also supported on the planet carrier PT is. That is, the third planetary gear P3 of the second planetary gear PG2 and the fourth planetary gear P4 of the third planetary gear PG3 are supported on the same planet carrier PT, and the third planetary gear P3 and the fourth planetary gear P4 are preferably configured so that they can mesh with each other. The further transmission is thus designed in particular as Ravigneaux planetary gear set.
The fourth ring gear H4 of the third planetary gear P3 forms an output element on the output side 14 of the further gear WG and is rotatably connected in this embodiment with the first ring gear H1 of the first planetary gear PG1. The third ring gear H3 of the second planetary gear PG2 and the planet carrier PT each form a drive element of the further gear WG on the drive side 15th
The torque transmission device 10 according to the invention has a first brake device B1, which is configured in this embodiment, in particular for releasably fixing the third sun gear S3 of the second planetary gear PG2 and a second brake device B2, which is designed in this embodiment, in particular, the fourth Set sun gear S4 of the third planetary gear PG3 releasably.
Further, two clutches C1 and C2 are provided, a first clutch C1 and a second clutch C2, which are arranged in this embodiment, in particular in the power flow direction in front of the further gear WG and are preferably designed as disconnect couplings, wherein the clutch C1 for manufacturing and Loosening a rotary connection between the third ring gear H3 of the second planetary gear PG2 and the input shaft 12 is provided and the second clutch C2 for making and releasing a rotational connection between the planet carrier PT and the input shaft 12th
Furthermore, the torque transmission device 10 according to the invention comprises an electric machine EM, which is preferably non-rotatably connected to the third ring gear H3 of the second planetary gear PG2, in particular directly, i. without an additional translation, or indirectly via a single or multiple gear stage, preferably a spur gear.
[00149] The first planetary gear set PG1, which is connected downstream of the further gear WG in the power flow direction, with its in the region between the first planetary gear P1 and the second planetary gear P2 in a recess which extends in the radial direction, i. In the vehicle transverse direction Y, extending housing wall 11 mounted planetary shaft PW allows in a particularly simple and very compact way, the realization of a torque transmission device 10, which can be arranged in the vehicle longitudinal direction in the power flow direction between the engine VKM and a drivable rear axle RWD limited space available.
The torque transmission device 10 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1a can be operated in eight different operating modes, depending on the state in which the individual switching elements, i. E. brake devices B1 and B2 and clutches C1 and C2, see FIG. 1b.
The table shown in Fig. 1b shows in column 3, depending on the state of the switching elements resulting operating modes again, in the columns 4ff. in each case the individual states of the switching elements are shown. In this case, an "X" in each case means a blocking brake device B1, B2 or a closed clutch C1, C2.
Column 1 of the table contains the number of the respective operating mode, column 2 contains the axis each drivable with the operating mode described in column 3.
In the operating modes 1 to 5, in which either the first clutch C1 or the second clutch C2 or both clutches C1 and C2 are closed, the rear axle RWD is driven by the internal combustion engine VKM, depending on the state of the first brake device B1 and the second brake device B2 to set different translations, which are referred to here as the first gear, second gear, third gear, fourth gear and fifth gear.
The electric machine can either no, apply a positive torque (boost function) or a negative torque (recuperation) on the third ring gear of the second planetary gear, which is symbolized by the expression (+ EM).
In the operation modes 6 and 7 in which both the first clutch C1 and the second clutch C2 are opened, the engine VKM is disconnected from the rear axle RWD, so that the rear axle RWD can be driven purely electrically by the electric machine , wherein two different ratios can be set by opening and closing the first brake device B1 and the second brake device B2, which are described here with first gear EM and second gear EM.
In the eighth mode of operation, which is referred to as E-CVT mode, both the internal combustion engine VKM and the electric machine EM provide a torque, wherein by changing the speed and / or the direction of rotation of the rotor of the electric machine EM that by means of Electric machine applied torque can be changed, so that as a result, a variable ratio can be adjusted. This operating mode makes it possible for the internal combustion engine VKM to be operated within a preferred speed range, in particular in the region of optimum efficiency, so that a particularly efficient operation of a motor vehicle is possible.
2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device 20 according to the invention, which is likewise provided for an arrangement in the vehicle longitudinal direction in the power flow direction between an internal combustion engine VKM and a drivable rear axle RWD, wherein this torque transmission device 20 is of the torque transmission device 10 illustrated in FIG differs in the design of the housing 11 and in the structure of the first planetary gear PG1.
Further, this torque transmission device 20 is configured such that in the power flow direction between the torque transmission device 20 and the wheels of the drivable rear axle RWD in particular still a rear differential 17 can be arranged, which by means of a bevel gear 16 rotatably connected to the output shaft 13 of the torque transmitting device 20 connected can be. That with the torque transmission device 20, other ratios may be preferably set than with the torque transmission device 10 described above.
As already mentioned, in this torque transmission device 20, the housing 11 is formed differently from the torque transmission device 10 described above, in particular, this torque transmission device 20 of the present invention differs from the torque transmission device 10 described above in that the second brake device B2 is not immediately adjacent to itself inwardly extending housing wall 11 is fixed inward in the radial direction, through which the planet shaft is guided, but is arranged on a further housing wall portion 11.
Further, in this torque transmission device 20 according to the invention, the first planetary gear PG 1 has no first ring gear H1, but instead a first sun gear S1, with which meshes the first planetary gear P1. Accordingly, the fourth ring gear H4 of the third planetary gear, which forms the output element of the further gear WG, rotatably connected to the first sun gear S1 of the first planetary gear PG1.
The torque transmission device 20 is also like the torque transmission device 10 of Fig. 1a in the eight operating modes described in Fig. 1b operable.
3a shows a third exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device 30 according to the invention, wherein this torque transmission device 30 is constructed in principle like the torque transmission device 10 described with reference to FIG. 1a and only differs therefrom in that the torque transmission device 30 is not located inside the housing 11 arranged first clutch C1 and no inside the housing 11 second clutch C2.
The clutches C1 and C2 are part of a separate double clutch DK as is well known in the prior art, which is preferably upstream of the torque transmission device 30 according to the invention in the power flow direction. For this purpose, the torque transmission device 30 has two input shafts 12a and 12b instead of only one input shaft 12 like the torque transmission device 10 shown in FIG. 1a. The dual clutch DK can be designed both as a dry-guided clutch and as a wet clutch, the two input shafts 12a and 12b of the torque transmitting device 30 can be rotatably connected to the internal combustion engine by means of the double clutch DK.
In connection with a described double clutch DK also this embodiment of a torque transmission device 30 according to the invention in the eight different operating modes is operable as the previously described torque transmitting devices 10 and 20, see. Fig. 3b with Fig. 1b.
Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a torque transmission device 40 according to the invention, this being similar to the torque transmission device 20 shown in Fig. 2 is formed, however, the first clutch C1 and C2 are arranged in front of the electric machine EM, wherein in particular the first clutch C1 of the electric machine EM is connected upstream in the power flow direction.
The torque transmitting device 40, like the other torque transmitting devices 10, 20 and 30 described above, is operable in eight different modes of operation as shown in FIG. 1b or 3b.
Fig. 5a shows a fifth embodiment of a torque transmission device 50 according to the invention, which is constructed in principle similar to the torque transmission device 30 shown in Fig. 3a with two input shafts 12a and 12b for connection to the engine VKM by means of a separate double clutch DK.
However, the torque transmission device 50 according to the invention is not provided for arrangement in the vehicle longitudinal direction X between an arranged in the front of the vehicle engine VKM and a drivable rear axle RWD, but for a vehicle with an internal combustion engine VKM in the front and a drivable front axle FWD as the first drivable axle , That is, the torque transmitting device 50 is preferably configured in such a way that the second sun gear S2 of the first planetary gear PG1 can be rotatably connected to the drivable front axle FWD of the vehicle, preferably via an additional hypoid gear 18 and a front axle differential 19th
In order to achieve this, in particular the housing 11 of the torque transmission device 50 according to the invention is adapted to the installation space resulting from this vehicle configuration, in particular to the transmission tunnel which is usually not present in purely front-drive vehicles.
This torque transmitting device is also operable in conjunction with the dual clutch DK, as the previously described torque transmitting devices 10, 20, 30 and 40 in eight different modes of operation, see Fig. 5b but for driving the front axle FWD and not as previously described Embodiments of the drive rear axle RWD.
Fig. 6 shows a sixth embodiment of a torque transmission device 60 according to the invention, which corresponds in structure forth from the principle of the torque transmission device 40 of FIG. 4, but also, as the previously described torque transmitting device 50 for placement in a motor vehicle with a front mounted combustion engine VKM and a drivable front axle FWD is designed as a first axis.
Like the torque transmission device 50 described above, this torque transmission device 60 can also be operated in eight different operating modes according to FIG. 5b and the front axle FWD can be driven accordingly.
Fig. 7a shows a seventh embodiment of a torque transmission device 70 according to the invention, which is constructed in principle as shown in Fig. 5a inventive torque transmission device 50, in this embodiment, the torque transmitting device 70 has two output shafts 13a and 13b and additionally a third Clutch C3 for making and releasing a rotary connection of the electric machine EM with a second drivable axle, in this case with the rear axle RWD. This results in further operating modes, see Fig. 7c.
In particular, by means of the third clutch C3 optionally additionally be switched on by means of the electric machine EM electrically driven rear axle RWD, so that with this torque transmission device 70 a switchable four-wheel drive can be realized. This is shown symbolically in Fig. 7c by the parenthesized X.
The third clutch C3 allows in particular over the previously described torque transmitting devices 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 theoretically in the operating modes 1 to 7 and 9 respectively the connection of a second drive axle, in this case the rear axle RWD, by closing the third clutch C3, wherein the rear axle RWD can also be driven only electrically.
The connection of the rear axle as a second drive axle is practically useful only in operating modes in which there is a favorable ratio of Achsüberset tongues of the front and rear axles. Depending on the design of the torque transmission device, this may only be the case for certain axle ratios of the front axle, preferably only in certain gear ratios.
Preferably, in a torque transmission device according to the invention shown in FIG. 7a, the second drive axle can be connected only in operating mode 1 and / or 2, that is in the first and / or second gear, or only in the operating mode 3, that is in the third gear , or only in the operating mode 4 and / or 5 in the fourth and / or fifth gear.
Preferably, the second drivable axle at a connection in Betriebmo-dus 1 and / or 2 with a first translation (1st gear EM, see operating mode 6) is switched on and at a connection in operating mode 4 or 5 with a second translation (1st gear EM, see operating mode 7).
Furthermore, due to the additional third clutch C3 an additional operating mode compared to the above-described torque transmission devices 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60, which is designated in Fig. 7c with no. 8, namely a purely electric direct drive of the rear axle RWD.
Furthermore, it is possible by the third clutch C3 in conjunction with the dual clutch DK to simultaneously drive the rear axle RWD by means of the internal combustion engine VKM and the electric machine EM, in particular in the direct-gear mode, that is without switching stages, if, as in In this case, no other transmission in the power flow direction between the engine VKM and the electric machine EM and the rear axle RWD is provided.
Fig. 7b shows another embodiment of a torque transmission device 70 'according to the invention similar to the seventh embodiment, which differs from the previously described torque transmission device 70 in that the third clutch C3 is disposed outside the housing 11 of the torque transmitting device 70', and preferably is designed as a separate module.
Fig. 8a shows a further embodiment of a torque transmission device 80 according to the invention, which is constructed in principle as the torque transmission device 60 described with reference to FIG. 6, wherein in the torque transmission device 80, however, the first clutch C1 and the second clutch C2 within the housing the torque transmitting device 80 are arranged and further, both a third clutch C3 and a fourth clutch C4 are present.
In contrast to the torque transmission device 60 described with reference to FIG. 6, this torque transmission device 80 has a first output shaft 13a and a second output shaft 13b, wherein the first output shaft 13a by means of a Hy poidgetriebes 18 and a Vorderachsdifferentials 19 with the drivable front axle FWD is rotatably connected and the second output shaft 13b with the drivable rear axle RWD.
The third clutch C3 is designed for producing and releasing a rotary connection of the electric machine EM with the second output shaft 13b and the fourth clutch C4 for producing and releasing a rotary connection of the electric machine EM with the third ring gear H3 of the second planetary gear PG2, that is to say with the drive side of the further gear WG.
The third clutch C3 allows, as explained in connection with FIGS. 7a and 7b, the connection of a separate drive axle, in particular a drivable rear axle RWD, the rear axle RWD can also be driven only purely electrically. Although in this embodiment, the connection is theoretically possible in the operating modes 1 to 7 and 9, but practically only useful if there is a favorable ratio of the axle ratios of front and rear axle.
It has also been found to be particularly advantageous for this embodiment, when in a torque transmission device according to the invention according to FIG. 7a, the second drive axle can be connected only in operating mode 1 and / or 2, that is, in the first and / or second gear , or only in the operating mode 3, that is, in the third gear, or only in the operating mode 4 and / or 5 in the fourth and / or fifth gear. Preferably, the second drivable axle at a connection in operating mode 1 and / or 2 with a first translation (1st gear EM, see operating mode 6) is switched on and at a connection in the operating mode 4 or 5 with a second gear (1st gear EM , see operating mode 7).
The additional fourth clutch C4 results in further operating modes, with the torque transmission device 80 being operable in the same eight operating modes when the clutch C4 is closed as the torque transmission device 70 described in FIG. 7a, cf. the operating modes 1 to 7 and 9 of Fig. 7c with the operating modes 1 to 7 and 9 of Fig. 8b.
Further, the rear axle RWD may also be in direct gear, i. without switching stages, purely electrically driven when the clutch C3 is closed (operating mode no. 8) or jointly by means of the internal combustion engine and the electric machine EM (operating mode 10), wherein the fourth clutch C4 is preferably opened in order to minimize the friction.
The fourth, additional clutch C4 allows in particular an axle-separated operation, that is the drive of the front axle by means of the internal combustion engine VKM and optionally the drive of the rear axle RWD by means of the electric machine EM, but this only in the second gear and fourth gear possible is, see operating modes 11 and 12 of FIG. 8b, in particular only up to 75 km / h.
9a shows a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device 90 according to the invention, wherein the first planetary gear PG1 of this torque transmission device 90 is designed as in the torque transmission devices 10, 30, 50 and 70 described with reference to FIGS. 1a, 3a, 5a and 7a, in which the first planetary gear P1 in each case meshes with a first ring gear H1 and the second planetary gear P2 in each case with a second sun gear S2. In the torque transmission device 90, the second sun gear S2 of the first planetary gear PG1 is rotatably connected to the output shaft 13a, which can be rotatably connected to the drivable rear axle RWD.
However, the further transmission WG of the torque transmission device 90 according to the invention is preferably not designed as a classic Ravigneaux planetary gearset, with only a second planetary gear PG2 and a third planetary gear PG3, but preferably as a dissolved Ravigneaux planetary gear set with an additional, fourth Planetary gear PG4. Furthermore, the third planetary gear P3 of the second planetary gear PG2 does not mesh with the fourth planetary gear P4 of the third planetary gear PG3.
Rather, in the power flow direction, the fourth planetary gear PG4 between the second planetary gear PG2 and the third planetary gear PG3, which is rotatably connected on its output side with the first planetary gear PG1, arranged. The fourth planetary gear PG4 has a fifth sun gear S5, a fifth planetary gear P5, which meshes with the fifth sun gear S5, and a sixth planetary gear P6 and a fifth ring gear H5, wherein the sixth planetary gear P6 with the fifth planetary gear P5 and the fifth ring gear H5 meshes and wherein the fifth planetary gear P5 and the sixth planetary gear P6 are rotatably supported on the planet carrier PT, as are the planetary gears P3 and P4 of the second planetary gear PG2 and the third planetary gear PG3.
The third sun gear S3 of the second planetary gear PG2 and the fifth sun gear S5 of the fourth planetary gear PG4 are rotationally connected to each other and can be releasably fixed by means of the first brake device B1.
The fifth ring gear H5 of the fourth planetary gear PG4 and the fourth ring gear H4 of the third planetary gear PG3 and the first ring gear H1 of the first planetary gear PG1 are rotatably connected to each other.
Furthermore, the fourth sun gear S4 of the third planetary gear PG3 can be detachably fixed by means of the second brake device B2. By means of the first clutch C1, a rotary connection between the input shaft 12 and the third ring gear H3 of the second planetary gear PG2 can be made or released and by means of the second clutch C2, a rotary connection between the input shaft 12 and the planet carrier PT.
Further, the torque transmission device 90 according to the invention comprises a third clutch C3, by means of which the rotary connection between the electric machine EM and the second output shaft 13b can be made or released, wherein the second output shaft 13b by means of a hypoid gear 18 and a Vorderachsdifferentials with the drivable Front axle FWD can be rotatably connected.
This torque transmission device 90 according to the invention can be operated in ten different operating modes, with the first five operating modes 1 to 5, the rear axle RWD can be driven in five different gears by means of the internal combustion engine VKM, wherein additionally via the electric machine EM optionally a positive torque (Boost function), a negative torque (recuperation) or no torque can be transmitted to the rear axle RWD.
In this case, by closing the third clutch C3 optionally the front axle FWD can also be electrically driven by means of the electric machine EM, so that a switchable four-wheel drive can be realized by closing the third clutch C3. Preferably, the third clutch C3 is designed as a so-called, developed by BMW® "xDri-ve® clutch", which in a four-wheel drive motor vehicle with two drivable axles RWD and FWD, especially in a four-wheel drive motor vehicle with drivable front axle FWD and drivable rear axle RWD, a division of the drive power to the two drivable axes RWD and FWD allows, in particular a targeted torque distribution, the so-called "torque vectoring".
In the sixth and seventh operating modes, the rear axle RWD can also be driven purely electrically, that is without an additionally applied by means of the internal combustion engine VKM torque, for which the first clutch C1 and the second clutch C2 must be open and the first brake device Bl closed and the second brake device B2 open (operating mode 6, 1st gear) or the second brake device B2 is closed and the first brake device B1 is opened (operating mode 7, 2nd gear), so that applied by the electric machine EM torque to the second Sun S2 of the first planetary gear PG1 is transmitted.
Further, in an eighth mode of operation, the front axle FWD in the direct gear can be driven purely electrically when the clutch C3 is closed.
Also, an E-CVT operation is possible by a torque applied by the engine VKM torque is superimposed on a torque generated by the electric machine EM, wherein by means of the variation of torque and speed of the electric machine EM a variable ratio can be adjusted. For this purpose, it is necessary that the clutch C2 is closed, see Fig. 9b, operating mode no. 9. Alternatively, in addition by closing the clutch C3, the front axle FWD are also driven purely electrically.
Further, a tenth operation mode is possible in which the front axle FWD can be simultaneously driven in the direct-gear mode by means of the engine VKM and the electric machine EM, for which the first clutch C1 and the third clutch C3 must be closed ,
Fig. 10a shows a further embodiment of a torque transmission device 100 according to the invention, wherein this corresponds in construction of the torque transmission device 90 shown in Fig. 9a and is provided in an additional fourth clutch C4, which is provided to a rotational connection between the electric machine EM and the third ring gear H3 of the second planetary gear PG2 manufacture or dissolve differs.
Moreover, the embodiment of a torque transmission device 100 according to the invention shown in Fig. 10a of the torque transmission device 90 shown in Fig. 9a still differs in that the first planetary gear P1 of the first planetary gear PG1 in the torque transmission device 100 according to the invention shown in Fig. 10a a first sun gear S1 meshes and not with the first ring gear H1.
The torque transmission device 100 is further provided, in contrast to the torque transmission device 90 described above, to be rotatably connected by means of a second further transmission WG2 in the form of a spur gear and by a Hypoidgetrie-bes 18 and a Vorderachsdifferentials 19 with a drivable front axle FWD.
In this case, with the fourth clutch C4 closed, the torque transmission device 100 can likewise be operated in the operating modes 1 to 7 and 9 and 10 like the previously described torque transmission device 90, cf. Fig. 9b and Fig. 10b.
The front axle FWD can also be directly driven by the electric machine EM when the clutch C3 is closed, preferably with the clutch C4 open (operation mode No. 8).
In addition, the torque transmission device shown in Fig. 10a is additionally operable in at least five other operating modes, which result when the fourth clutch C4 is opened.
In particular, an axle-separated operation is possible (operating modes 11 to 15), that is a drive of the first drivable axle in the form of the rear axle RWD by means of the internal combustion engine VKM and a purely electric drive of the second drivable axle, in this case the front axle FWD.
In this case, five gears are switchable, see operating modes 11 to 15, wherein theoretically in each of the five gear ratios by closing the clutch, an electric drive the front axle FWD can be switched, see operating modes 11 to 15, so that a four-wheel drive can be realized.
Preferably, however, an electric drive of the front axle FWD can only be switched on up to a speed of 75 km / h, particularly preferably only in the first and / or second gear stage, that is to say particularly preferably only in the operating modes 11 and 12.
Depending on the configuration of the torque transmission device according to the invention, in particular depending on the respectively resulting axle ratios, it can also be advantageous if an electric drive of the front axle FWD can be engaged only in the third gear (operating mode 13) or only in the fourth and / or fifth gear (operating mode 14 and / or 15).
Fig. 11a shows another embodiment of a torque transmission device 110 according to the invention, which is constructed in principle as the torque transmission device 90 shown in Fig. 9a, however, the torque transmission device 110 is formed in such a way that the first output shaft 13a with a drivable Front axle FWD can be rotationally connected and the second output shaft 13b by means of a bevel gear 16 and a rear differential 17 with a drivable rear axle RWD.
That is, the torque transmission device 110 shown in Fig. 11a is configured to be installed with the first planetary gear PG1 facing the vehicle front in the vehicle, while the torque transmission device 90 shown in Fig. 9a is formed in this manner is that it can be installed with the first planetary gear PG1 oriented towards the vehicle rear in the vehicle longitudinal direction X.
Further, in the torque transmission device 110 shown in FIG. 11a, the third clutch C3 is not provided for making and releasing a rotational connection between the electric machine EM and the second output shaft 13b, but for making and releasing the rotational connection between the second sun gear S2 of FIG first planetary gear PG1 and the first output shaft 13a.
This also results in ten operating modes in which the torque transmitting device 110 is operable, each of the rear RWD can be driven directly by means of the electric machine EM, see operating mode 8. If additionally the clutch C1 is closed, the rear axle RWD can be common are driven directly by means of the internal combustion engine VKM and the electric machine EM (operating mode 10), in particular regardless of whether the third clutch C3 is opened or closed.
In addition, by opening and closing the first clutch C <b> 1, the second clutch C <b> 2, and the first brake device B <b> 1 and the second brake device B <b> 2, the front axle FWD can be driven in another eight operating modes according to the shift states shown in FIG. 11 b (operation modes 1 to 7) and 9), in particular with five mechanical switching stages (operating modes 1 to 5), a purely electric drive in two switching stages (operating modes 6 and 7) and in E-CVT mode (operating mode 9).
Fig. 12a shows another embodiment of a torque transmission device 120 according to the invention, which is constructed in principle as the torque transmission device 100 shown in Fig. 10a, wherein the torque transmission device 120, however, is configured in such a way that the first output shaft 13a with a drivable Front axle FWD can be connected and the second output shaft 13b via a second further gear WG2 in the form of a spur gear and via a bevel gear 16 and a rear differential 17 with a drivable rear axle RWD.
Like the torque transmission device 100 according to the invention shown in FIG. 10a, the torque transmission device 120 shown in FIG. 12a can also be operated in fifteen different operating modes, see FIG. 12b. In this case, by means of the internal combustion engine VKM the front axle FWD in five different gear ratios are driven (operating modes 1 to 5), in each case additionally by means of the electric machine EM optionally applied a positive torque (boost function), a negative torque (recuperation) or no torque can be. Furthermore, in addition theoretically in addition to all five gear ratios, a purely electric drive of the rear axle RWD can be added by closing the third clutch C3.
Again, the connection of the electrically driven rear axle RWD makes sense only if the resulting in the various gear ratios axle ratios of front axle FWD and rear axle RWD have a favorable relationship to each other.
Further, a purely electric drive of the front axle FWD in a first gear is possible when the fourth clutch C4 is closed and the first brake device B1 also (operating mode 6) and in a second gear, when the fourth clutch C4 is closed and the second braking device B2 also (operating mode 7). Here, too, by closing the third clutch C3, the rear axle RWD can be switched in purely electrically, so that all-wheel drive operation can be realized.
Further, according to the eighth operation mode, the rear axle RWD alone can be directly electrically driven by closing the clutch C3, and to minimize the friction, the fourth clutch C4 is preferably opened.
Furthermore, an E-CVT operation is possible by the clutches C2 and C4 are closed, which optionally also the rear axle can be connected by closing the third clutch C3 (operating mode 9).
Moreover, the rear axle RWD can be directly driven by the engine VKM and the electric machine EM (operation mode 10), to which the first clutch C1, the third clutch C3 and the fourth clutch C4 must be closed.
Furthermore, an axle-separated operation is possible (operating modes 11 to 15), wherein the electric Hinterachsantrieb preferably practically only up to a vehicle speed of 75 km / h can be added by closing the clutch C3, in particular only in the first two stages (Operating modes 11 and 12), even if theoretically a connection in all five grades of the operating modes 11 to 15 is conceivable. By contrast, the front axle FWD alone can easily be driven in five gears axially separated from the rear axle RWD by means of the internal combustion engine VKM, see operating modes 11 to 14, when the electric rear axle drive is not engaged.
13a shows a further embodiment of a torque transmission device 130 according to the invention, this torque transmission device being constructed in principle like the torque transmission device 10 shown in FIG. 1a, the torque transmission device 130 differing from the torque transmission device 10 shown in FIG. 1a therein, that in the torque transmission device 130, the electric machine EM is rotatably connected via a third further gear WG3 in the form of a spur gear to the third ring gear H3 of the second planetary gear PG2 and is not arranged in the radial direction, but axially parallel to the input shaft 12, in particular coaxially, preferably the Input shaft 12 is passed through the electric machine EM.
This results in a particularly small space requirement in the radial direction, that is, in the radial direction, an advantageous package can be achieved. Such an arrangement of the electric machine EM is particularly suitable for high-speed electrical machines.
In Fig. 13b, the transmission diagram of another, similar to the previous embodiment 130 formed embodiment of a torque transmission device according to the invention 130 'is shown, in which the electric machine EM is arranged outside of the housing 11.
Fig. 14 shows a further embodiment of a torque transmission device 140 according to the invention, which in principle is constructed like the torque transmission devices 130 and 130 'shown in Figs. 13a and 13b and the torque transmission device 10 shown in Fig. 1a: The electric machine However, in the torque transmission device 140, EM is arranged offset in the radial direction to the planetary gears PG1, PG2 and PG3 of the torque transmission device 140, but is also rotationally connected to the third ring gear H4 of the second planetary gear PG2 by means of a spur gear in the form of a fourth further gear WG4. This arrangement accordingly requires less installation space in the axial direction and is thus advantageous in the axial direction from the package, but extends correspondingly in the radial direction. Also for this arrangement is particularly suitable for high-speed electric machines EM.
Fig. 15 shows a further embodiment of a torque transmission device 150 according to the invention, which is also constructed similar to the previously described torque transmitting devices 130 and 140. In this torque transmission device 150 according to the invention, the electric machine EM is preferably without an interposed transmission with the third ring gear H3 of second planetary gear PG2 rotatably connected and extends substantially in the radial direction parallel to the planetary gears PG1, PG2 and PG3, wherein the electric machine EM is also arranged coaxially with the input shaft 12, in particular around the input shaft.
FIG. 16 a shows a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device 160 according to the invention, which is based on the torque transmission device 10 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 a. In contrast to that shown in Fig. 1a
Torque transmission device 10, the torque transmission device 160 of FIG. 16a additionally comprises a further clutch C5 and a gear stage with a first gear Z1, a second gear Z2 and a third gear Z3, via which by closing the additional clutch C5 from a first output shaft 13a, which rotatably connected to the second sun gear S2 of the first planetary gear PG1 according to the invention, a drive power can be transmitted to a second output shaft 13b and thus, if necessary, a second drive axle, in this case the front axle FWD, can be added. Thus, with this torque transmission device 160, a switchable four-wheel drive can be realized.
Fig. 16b shows another embodiment of a torque transmitting device 160 'according to the invention, this embodiment being different from the previously described torque transmitting device 160 of Fig. 16a in that the additional clutch C5 is not coaxial with the first output shaft 13a but coaxial with the second one Output shaft 13b, which can be rotationally connected by closing the clutch C5 via a gear stage with a first gear Z1 and a second gear Z2 with the second sun S2 of the first planetary gear PG1 and thus, if necessary, the output power to a second drivable axle, in this case also to the front axle FWD, can be removed.
Fig. 16c shows a further embodiment of a torque transmission device 160 "according to the invention, which is also based on the torque transmission device 10 shown in Fig. 1a and also additionally has a further clutch C5, which enables the connection of a second drivable axle and thus also a switchable All wheel drive. In this torque transmission device 160 ", the power is not dissipated via the second sun gear S2 of the first planetary gear PG1, but via an additional existing second ring gear H2 of the first planetary gear PG1, which can be rotatably connected by closing the other clutch C5 with the second output shaft 13b, so that the output from the first planetary gear PG1 power to the second output shaft 13b and from there on to the second drivable axle, in this case to the front axle FWD, can be transmitted.
16d shows the associated available operating modes of the torque-transmitting devices 160, 160 'and 160 "according to the invention from FIGS. 16a, 16b and 16c, wherein in each of the eight operating modes available through the additional clutch C5 to 8, cf. Fig. 1b, by closing the clutch C5, the front axle FWD can be connected.
16e shows a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device 160 'according to the invention, in which case the second sun gear S2 of the first planetary gear PG1 can be rotatably connected by means of an additional clutch C5 to the first output shaft 13a, which is provided for driving a first axle is, in this case the rear axle RWD, while the second output shaft 13b is permanently connected via a first gear Z1 to the second sun gear S2 for driving the second axle, in this case the front axle FWD. That is, in this torque transmitting device 160 'of the present invention, the front axle FWD can be permanently driven while the rear axle RWD can be engaged by closing the additional clutch C5.
Fig. 16f shows a further embodiment of a torque transmission device 160IV according to the invention, in which, as in the case of the above-described torque transmission device 160 '", a second drivable axle can also be added if required and thus a switchable four-wheel drive can be realized. In this case, also the front axle FWD can be driven permanently and the rear axle RWD can be connected by closing the additional clutch C5. However, the torque-transmitting device 160IV differs from the torque-transmitting device 160 '' of the invention illustrated in FIG. 16e in that the first planetary gear PG1 has an additional ring gear H2 through which power is output to the second output shaft 13b and thence to the second drivable shaft can, in which case the second axis, in this case the front axle FWD, can be driven permanently, and closing the other clutch C5, the first output shaft 13a with the sun gear S2 of the first planetary gear PG1 can be rotatably connected to drive the first driven axle , in this case the rear axle RWD.
FIG. 16g shows the operating modes resulting for the torque transmission devices 160 '"and 160IV according to the invention shown in FIGS. 16e and 16f, wherein the rear axle RWD can be connected in each case by closing the clutch C5.
16h shows a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device 160v according to the invention, which is likewise based on the torque transmission device 10 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1a, but has additional components for realizing a permanent four-wheel drive. In the torque transmission device 160v according to the invention shown in FIG. 16h, in order to realize the permanent four-wheel drive for transmitting the power to a first output shaft 13a provided for driving a first drivable axle, in this case the rear axle RWD, a center differential 20 is provided is rotatably connected to the second sun gear S2 of the first planetary gear PG1. For driving a second drivable axle, in this case the front axle FWD, a gear stage with a first gear Z1 and a second gear Z2 is provided, via which the second sun gear S2 of the first planetary gear PG1 is rotatably connected to a second output shaft 13b.
16i shows a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device 160VI according to the invention, wherein this torque transmission device 160VI differs from the previously described torque transmission device 160v from FIG. 16h in that a planetary differential 21 is provided instead of a center differential 20.
The operating modes resulting for FIGS. 16h and 16i are shown in FIG. 16j, whereby only one permanent four-wheel drive is possible with these torque-transmitting devices 160v and 160VI.
The described with reference to the above-described Fig. 16a to 16c and Fig. 16e, 16f, 16h and 16i extensions of the torque transmission device 10 of the invention for the realization of a switchable or permanent four-wheel drive are of course also in the in Fig. 2, 3a and 4 shown torque transmitting devices 20, 30 and 40 possible.
17a shows a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device 170 according to the invention, which is based in principle on the torque transmission device 50 shown in FIG. 5a, wherein the first clutch C1 and the second clutch C2 in the torque transmission device 170 differ, however, from in FIG. 5a torque transmitting device 50 are disposed within the housing 11. 17a further includes a further clutch C5 and a gear stage with a first gear Z1, a second gear Z2 and a third gear Z3 for producing a rotational connection between a first output shaft 13a and a second output shaft 13b in order to be able to connect a second drivable axle, in this case the rear axle RWD, by closing the clutch, ie to realize a switchable four-wheel drive.
Fig. 17b shows the possible operating modes of the torque transmission device 170 according to the invention shown in Fig. 17a, wherein in each case by closing the clutch C5, the rear axle RWD can be added.
FIG. 18 a shows a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device 180 according to the invention, which is based on the torque transmission device 70 according to the invention shown in FIG. 7 a, deviating therefrom the first clutch C 1, the second clutch C 2 and the third clutch C 3 within the torque converter Housing 11 of the torque transmitting device 180 are arranged. In addition, the torque transmission device 108 according to the invention comprises a further clutch C5 and a gear stage with a first gear Z1, a second gear Z2, a third gear Z3, a fourth gear Z4, a fifth gear Z5 and a sixth gear Z6, via which with the clutch engaged C5 a power from a first output shaft 13a which is provided for driving a first drivable axle, in this case the front axle FWD, to a second output shaft 13b for driving a second drivable axle, in this case the rear axle RWD, can be transmitted.
With this torque transmission device 180 according to the invention, the same first ten operating modes can be realized with the clutch C5 open as with the torque transmission device 70 according to the invention shown in FIG. 7a, cf. Fig. 7c with Fig. 18b-1. In addition, in operation mode eight, by closing the clutch C5, the front axle FWD can be electrically driven in a direct gear by means of the electric machine EM. Further, by closing the clutch C5 in the operation mode ten, additionally, the front axle FWD in the direct gear can be simultaneously driven by means of the engine VKM and the electric machine EM. In addition, there are eight other operating modes (operating modes 11 to 18), see Fig. 18b-2, in which, provided that the third clutch C3 is open, the rear axle RWD can be added as the second drivable axle by closing the clutch C5.
Thus, with such a torque transmission device 180, either the second drivable axle, in this case the rear axle RWD, can either be electrically driven in direct gear (operating modes 1 to 7 and 9) or operated at the same gear ratios as those first drivable axle, in this case the front axle FWD (operating modes 11 to 18).
Fig. 19a shows a further embodiment of a torque transmission device 190 according to the invention, which is based on the torque transmission device 80 according to the invention shown in Fig. 8a and, as in the above-described embodiment 180 shown in Fig. 18a additionally a further clutch C5 and a gear stage with a first gear Z1, a second gear Z2, a third gear Z3, a fourth gear Z4, a fifth gear Z5 and a sixth gear Z6 for transmitting power from a first output shaft 13a to a second output shaft 13b with the clutch C5 closed. As in the case of the above-described embodiment 180 shown in FIG. 18a, the third gearwheel Z3 is also rotationally connected via a shaft to the fourth gearwheel Z4, the shaft being connected to the other components of the torque transmission device 190 according to the invention in the radial direction outside the further gearwheel WG and partially outside of the first planetary gear PG1 and preferably axially parallel to the input shaft 12 is passed. As in the previously described embodiment 180, the front axle FWD can also be engaged in the direct gear by closing the clutch C5 in operating mode eight and ten (see FIG. 19b-1) and by closing the additional clutch C5 when the third clutch C3 is open in each case the rear axle RWD are connected as a second drivable axle (operating modes 13 to 22), see FIG. 19b-2.
Fig. 20a shows a further embodiment of a torque transmission device 100 according to the invention, which is based on the torque transmission device 90 shown in Fig. 9a, wherein, as in the torque transmission devices 180 and 190 according to the invention described above, each additionally a further clutch C5 and a gear stage are provided with a first gear Z1, a second gear Z2, a third gear Z3, a fourth gear Z4, a fifth gear Z5 and a sixth gear Z6 for transmitting power to the second drivable shaft, in this case from the first output shaft 13a , via which the rear axle RWD is drivable, on the second output shaft 13b, which is provided for driving the front axle FWD.
Figures 20b-1 and 20b-2 show the possible modes of operation 1 to 18, wherein by closing the clutch C5 in the operating mode eight and ten respectively the rear axle RWD can be added in direct gear, while in the operating modes 11 to 18 with the third clutch C3 open by closing the additional clutch C5 respectively the front axle FWD can be added in the same gear, which is applied to drive the rear axle RWD.
21a shows a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device 210 according to the invention, based on the torque transmission device 100 according to the invention shown in FIG. 10a, in which case an additional clutch C5 and a gear stage with a first gear Z1, a second gear Z2, a third gear Z3, a fourth gear Z4, a fifth gear Z5 and a sixth gear Z6 are provided to transmit a power transmitted to the first output shaft 13a power to the second output shaft 13b and to realize a switchable four-wheel drive, wherein the second each driven axle can be switched with the same gear, which rests against the first driven axle.
As in the embodiments described above is here in operating mode eight and ten, see Fig. 21 b-1, respectively by closing the additional clutch C5, the connection of the rear RWD in direct gear possible, either purely electrically driven by means of electric machine EM (operating mode eight) or simultaneously driven by means of the internal combustion engine VKM and the electric machine (operating mode ten). With the clutch C3 open, the front axle FWD can be connected in each case by closing the clutch C5 in the same gear stage in which the rear axle RWD is operated, see operating modes 16 to 28 in FIG. 21b-2.
FIG. 21 c shows a further exemplary embodiment of a torque transmission device 210 'according to the invention, which is likewise based on the torque transmission device 100 according to the invention shown in FIG. 10 a. In contrast to the torque transmission device 210 shown in FIG. 21a, however, the front axle FWD can be permanently driven and the rear axle RWD can be engaged, via a gear stage comprising a first gear Z1, a second gear Z2, a third gear Z3 and a fourth gear Z4 , the further gear WG2, the hypoid gear 18 and the Vorderachsdifferential 19 is a permanent rotational connection between the second sun gear S2 of the first planetary gear PG1 with the drivable front axle FWD. The rear axle RWD can in each case be engaged by closing the clutch C5, because thereby the power output by the second sun gear S2 of the first planetary gear PG1 can be transmitted via the center differential 20 to the first output shaft 13a and thus to the rear axle RWD.
The associated possible operating modes 1 to 15 of the torque transmission device 210 'shown in Fig. 21c according to the invention are shown in Fig. 21 d, it being noted that when a power over the second sun gear S2 of the first planetary gear PG1 to the Issued gear stage and is transmitted from there to the front axle FWD, the third clutch C3 and the fourth clutch C4 may not be closed simultaneously. By closing the clutch C4, in the operating modes 1 to 5 with the clutch C3 open, in each case an electrical drive power can be applied and the rear axle RWD can be engaged by closing the clutch C5. With the clutch C4 open, an electrically driven direct gear can be superimposed by closing the clutch C3 (operating modes 11 to 15).
21 e shows a further embodiment of a torque transmission device 210 "according to the invention, this torque transmission device 210" differing from the torque transmission device 210 'according to the invention shown in FIG. 21c in the arrangement of the first clutch C <b> 1 and the fourth clutch C <b> 4.
The associated resulting twelve modes of operation of the torque transmitting device 210 "of Fig. 21e are shown in Fig. 21f. In the operating modes 1, 3 and 5, in each case by closing the clutch C1 in addition to the other closed switching elements, a drive power of the engine VKM be superimposed, while in the operating modes 2 and 4 by closing the fourth clutch C4 each have an additional drive power of the electric machine EM can be superimposed. With the clutch C3 open, in the second and fourth gear, by closing the clutch C3, the driving power generated by the engine VKM can be transmitted to the front axle FWD in direct gear (operating modes 11 and 12). In all operating modes 1 to 12, by closing the further clutch C5, the rear axle RWD can be connected as the second drivable axle.
Fig. 22a shows a further embodiment of a torque transmission device 220 according to the invention, which is based on the structure shown in Fig. 11a, torque transmission device 110 according to the invention, but in addition, as in some of the above embodiments, a further clutch C5 and a gear stage with six gears Z1 to Z6 for transmitting a power from the first output shaft 13a to the second output shaft 13b, wherein closing the additional clutch C5 connected to the second output shaft 13b drivable axis, in this case the rear axle RWD, can be added.
The corresponding, associated ten operating modes are shown in Fig. 22b, due to the arrangement of the third clutch C3 on the output side of the first planetary gear PG1, that is in the power flow direction after the second sun gear S2 of the first planetary gear PG1, only in the operating modes 8 and 10, the further clutch C5 can be closed. In the other modes of operation, closing the additional clutch C5 would result in overdetermination of the torque transmitting device 220 and thus is not possible.
Fig. 23a shows a further and last embodiment of a torque transmission device 230 according to the invention, which is based on the Fig. 12a torque transmitting device 120 based and also, like some of the other above-described torque transmission devices according to the invention, a further clutch C5 and a gear stage with gears Z1 to Z6 for transmitting power from the first output shaft 13a to a second output shaft 13b for adding a second drivable axle, in this case the rear axle RWD.
The resulting 28 operating modes are shown in Fig. 23b-1 and Fig. 23b-2, wherein the operating modes 1 to 15 each case the operating modes of Fig. 12b correspond to the operating modes eight and ten, in which respectively Closing the clutch C5 the front axle can be added in the same gear as the rear axle RWD. The further operating modes 16 to 28 resulting from the arrangement of the additional clutch C5 are illustrated in FIG. 23b-2, wherein in each case by closing the further fifth clutch C5 with the clutch C3 open, the rear axle RWD is in the same gear stage in which the front axle FWD is operated, can be connected.
The connection of a second drivable axle, which has already been described several times previously, explained for example on the basis of the embodiment 70 shown in FIG. 7a, is not technically expedient in every case. In particular, the connection of the second drivable axle only makes sense if the axle ratios of the first drivable axle and the second drivable axle are matched to one another, in particular in such a way that slippage-optimized operation, in particular slippage-free operation of both axles, is possible or ensured is.
As has already been described in connection with the embodiment shown in Fig. 7a, it may therefore be useful to provide the connection of the second drivable axle only in a few selected gear ratios, for example only in the first and / or second gear, or in third gear or in the fourth and / or fifth gear, depending on how the individual transmission elements are configured in the power train, in particular as a function of additional, existing gear stages, further transmission and / or existing differential gear.
Of course, the described arrangements of the individual components of the torque transmitting device in or outside the housing, preferably except the described arrangement of the planetary shaft PW of the first planetary gear PG1 in the housing, not limiting, but can be chosen freely, in particular for the purpose a space-optimized design of a torque transmission device according to the invention.
REFERENCE LIST 10, 20, 30, ... 230 Torque transmission device 11 according to the invention Housing 12, 12a, 12b Input shaft 13, 13a, 13b Output shaft 14 Output side of further gear 15 Drive side of further gear 16 Bevel gear 17 Rear differential 18 Hypoid gear 19 Front differential 20 Center differential 21 Planetary differential EM Electric machine B1 first brake device B2 second brake device C1 first clutch C2 second clutch C3 third clutch C4 fourth clutch C5 fifth clutch DK double clutch H1 first ring gear H2 second ring gear H3 third ring gear H4 fourth ring gear H5 fifth ring gear P1 first planet gear P2 second planetary gear P3 third planetary gear P4 fourth planetary gear P5 fifth planetary gear P6 sixth planetary gear 51 first sun gear 52 second sun gear 53 third sun gear 54 fourth sun gear 55 fifth sun gear PG1 first planetary gear PG2 second planetary gear PG3 third planetary gear PG4 fourth s planetary gear AWD four-wheel drive FWD drivable front axle RWD drivable rear axle VKM combustion engine WG further transmission WG2 second further transmission WG3 third further transmission WG4 fourth further transmission Z1 first gear Z2 second gear Z3 third gear Z4 fourth gear Z5 fifth gear Z6 sixth gear

权利要求:
Claims (20)
[1]
claims
1. torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230), in particular for a motor vehicle, wherein the torque transmission device (10, 20 ..... 230) a first Planetengetrie be (PG1), wherein the first planetary gear (PG1) comprising: - at least one first planetary gear (P1) and one second planetary gear (P2), - a planetary shaft (PW), - at least one first ring gear (H1) and / or a first sun gear (S1) and - at least one second ring gear (H2) and / or a second sun gear (S2), wherein the first planet gear (P1) meshes with the first ring gear (H1) and / or the first sun gear (S1) and the second planet gear (P2) meshes with the second ring gear (H2) and / or the second sun gear (S2), wherein the first (P1) and the second planetary gear (P2) axially spaced from each other on the planetary shaft (PW) are arranged and in each case with the planetary shaft (PW) are drehverbindbar or rotationally connected, wherein the planetary shaft ( PW) is mounted in such a way that the planet wheels (P1 , P2) are fixed in one position.
[2]
2. torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) according to claim 1, characterized in that the torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) has a fixed housing (11), wherein the planetary shaft (PW) of the first planetary gear (PG1) is mounted in the housing.
[3]
3. torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the planetary shaft (PW) of the first planetary gear (PG1) in a region between the planetary gears (P1, P2) in a in Radially extending housing wall (11) is mounted, wherein the planetary shaft (PW) preferably for storage in the housing wall (11) with at least a portion of the area between the planetary gears (P1, P2) is passed through a recess in the housing wall (11) ,
[4]
4. torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) at least one input shaft (12, 12a, 12b) for rotary connection with at least one drive motor (VKM, EM), in particular with an internal combustion engine (VKM) and / or an electric machine (EM), and at least one output shaft (13, 13a, 13b) for rotational connection to at least one first drivable axle (RWD, FWD ) of a motor vehicle, wherein preferably the second ring gear (H2) and / or the second sun gear (S2) of the first planetary gear (PG1) with at least one output shaft (13, 13b, 13b) is drehverbindbar or rotationally connected.
[5]
5. torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the torque transmission device (10, 20,., 230) comprises a further transmission (WG), wherein the further transmission (WG ) has an output side (14) with at least one output element (H4) and a drive side (15) with at least one drive element (H3, PT), preferably an output element (H4) of the further transmission (WG) with the first ring gear (H1) and / or the first sun gear (S1) of the first planetary gear (PG1) is rotatably connected or rotationally connected and at least one drive element (H3, PT) of the further transmission (WG) with at least one input shaft (12, 12a, 12b) of the torque transmission device (10 , 20, ..., 230) is rotatably connected or rotationally connected.
[6]
6. torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) according to claim 5, characterized in that the further transmission, based on a functional installation state of the torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) in a motor vehicle, in the vehicle longitudinal direction (X) is arranged in front of or behind the first planetary gear (PG1), wherein the first planetary gear (PG1) is preferably arranged on the output side (14) of the further gear (WG).
[7]
7. Torque transmission device (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 70 ', 80, 130, 130', 140, 150, 160, 160 ', 160 ", 160", 160iv, 160v, 160vi, 170 , 180, 190) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the further gear (WG) comprises: - at least one second planetary gear (PG2), which as gear elements at least a third planetary gear (P3) for combing with a third sun gear (S3 ) and with a third ring gear (H3) and a planet carrier (PT) for rotatably supporting at least one of the third planetary gears (P3), and - preferably a third planetary gear (PG3), which as gear elements at least a fourth planetary gear (P4) for combing with a fourth sun gear (S4) and with a fourth ring gear (H4) and for meshing with one of the third planetary gears (P3), wherein in particular at least one of the fourth planet gears (P4) is rotatably supported by the planet carrier (PT).
[8]
8. torque transmission device (90, 100, 110, 120, 200, 210, 210 ', 210', 220, 230) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the further gear (WG) comprises: - a second planetary gear (PG2 ), which as gear elements at least a third planetary gear (P3) for meshing with a third sun gear (S3) and with a third ring gear (H3) and a planet carrier (PT) for rotatably supporting at least one of the third planetary gears (PT), - preferably a third planetary gear (PG3) having as gear elements at least a fourth planetary gear (P4) for meshing with a fourth sun gear (S4) and a fourth ring gear (H4), wherein at least one of the fourth planetary gears (P4) rotatably supported by the planet carrier (PT ), and - in particular a fourth planetary gear (PG4), which as gear elements at least a fifth planetary gear (P5) for meshing with a fifth sun gear (S5), at least one s eighth planetary gear (P6) for meshing with a fifth ring gear (H5) and at least one of the fifth planetary gears (P5), wherein the fifth sun gear (S5) is rotatably connected to the third sun gear (S3) and the fifth ring gear (H5) with the fourth ring gear (H4) is rotationally connected, wherein at least one of the fifth planetary gears (P5) and at least one of the sixth planet gears (P6) are rotatably supported by the planet carrier (PT).
[9]
9. torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the further transmission (WG) a first braking device (B1), designed for releasably fixing at least one of the transmission elements of the second planetary gear (PG2 ) and / or the fourth planetary gear (PG4), and a second braking device (B2) configured to releasably fix the fourth sun gear (S4).
[10]
10. A torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) according to at least one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that at least one transmission element of the second planetary gear (PG2) forms a drive element (H3, PT) of the further transmission (WG) and with at least one input shaft (12, 12a, 12b) is rotatably connected or rotatably connected.
[11]
11. torque transmission device (10, 20 ..... 230) according to at least one of Ansprü che 7 to 10, characterized in that at least one transmission element of the third planetary gear (PG3) and / or the fourth planetary gear (PG4) of the further transmission ( WG) is rotatably connected to the first planetary gear (PG1) or is rotatably connected, preferably with the first ring gear (H1) and / or the first sun gear (S1) of the first planetary gear (PG1).
[12]
12. torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) according to at least one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the further transmission (WG) comprises a first clutch (C1) for producing and releasing a rotary connection of the input shaft (12 , 12a) with at least one of the transmission elements of the second planetary gear (PG2), in particular with the third ring gear (H3) of the second planetary gear (PG2), and preferably a second clutch (C2) for producing and releasing a rotary connection of the input shaft (12, 12b ) With a further of the transmission elements of the second planetary gear (PG2), in particular with the planet carrier (PT).
[13]
13. torque transmission device (30, 50, 70, 70 ') according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the torque transmission device (30, 50, 70, 70') has two input shafts (12a, 12b), wherein preferably the third ring gear (H3) of the second planetary gear (PG2) and the planet carrier (PT) each form a drive element of the further gearbox (WG) and in each case with an input shaft (12a, 12b) are rotatably connected, wherein the two input shafts (12a, 12b) of the torque transmitting device ( 30, 50, 70, 70 ') are preferably led out of the housing of the torque transmission device (30, 50, 70, 70') and in particular by means of a double clutch (DK), with a drive motor (VKM, EM) are drehverbindbar, in particular with a Internal combustion engine (VKM) of a motor vehicle.
[14]
14. torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one switching element (B1, B2, C1, C2), preferably at least one braking device (B1, B2) and / or a clutch (C1, C2), in particular a braking device (B1, B2), in the radial direction inside within the region between the axially spaced planetary gears (P1, P2) of the first planetary gear (PG1) is arranged, in particular on the inside in the radial Direction extending housing wall (11) in which the planetary shaft (PW) of the first planetary gear (PG1) is mounted.
[15]
15. A torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) has at least one second drive motor (EM), preferably an electrical Machine (EM), and / or with at least one second drive motor (EM), in particular an electric machine (EM), is drehverbindbar, wherein the second drive motor (EM) preferably with the further transmission (WG) is rotatably connected or drehverbindbar, in particular with the drive side (15) of the further transmission (WG), preferably with a drive element (H3 PT) of the further transmission (WG), in particular with the third ring gear (H3) of the second planetary gear (PG2), and / or with at least one input shaft ( 12, 12a, 12b) of the torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230), wherein the torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) preferably at least one further clutch (C4), esp In particular, a fourth clutch (C4), for producing and releasing a rotary connection of the second drive motor (EM) with the drive side (15) of the further transmission (WG).
[16]
16. A torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) has at least one further clutch (C3), in particular a third Clutch (C3), preferably for establishing and releasing a rotational connection between at least one input shaft (12, 12a) of the torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) with a second drivable axle (FWD; RWD) and / or for manufacturing and Releasing a rotary connection between the second drive motor (EM) and the second drivable axle (FWD, RWD) and / or for producing and releasing a rotary connection between the second ring gear (H2) and / or the second sun gear (S2) of the first planetary gear (PG1 ), and the output shaft (13, 13a, 13b), wherein the third clutch (C3) is preferably formed and arranged such that both the rotational connection between the second drive motor (EM) with d the second driven shaft (FWD, RWD) and the rotational connection between at least one input shaft (12, 12a) of the torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) with the second driven shaft (FWD, RWD) can be produced and released.
[17]
17. Motor vehicle, comprising at least a first drive motor (VKM), preferably an internal combustion engine (VKM), and at least a first drivable axle (RWD, FWD) and in the power flow direction between the first drive motor (VKM) and the first drivable axle (RWD, FWD) arranged torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230), which is designed according to one of claims 1 to 16.
[18]
18. Motor vehicle according to claim 17, wherein the torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) according to one of claims 1 to 16 is formed, characterized in that at least one input shaft (12, 12 b) of the torque transmission device (10, 20. .... 230) is rotatably connected to the first drive motor (VKM), wherein preference, the output shaft (13, 13 a) of the torque transmitting device (10, 20, ..., 230) rotatably connected to the first drivable axle (RWD, FWD) is.
[19]
19. Motor vehicle according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the torque transmission device (10, 20 ..... 230) is designed according to claim 13, characterized in that the motor vehicle has a double clutch (DK) and the two input shafts (12a, 12b) the torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) by means of the double clutch (DK) with the first drive motor (VKM) are drehverbindbar.
[20]
20. Motor vehicle according to at least one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the motor vehicle has a second drivable axle (FWD, RWD) and the torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) is preferably formed according to claim 16, characterized in that the rotational connection between at least one input shaft (12, 12a) and / or the second drive motor (EM), in particular the electric machine (EM), with the second drivable axle (FWD, RWD) and / or between the second ring gear (H2) and / or the second sun gear (S2) of the first planetary gearbox (PG1) and the output shaft (13b) of the torque transmission device (10, 20, ..., 230) can be produced and released by means of the third clutch. For this 59 sheets of drawings

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法律状态:

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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DE102015213109.2A|DE102015213109A1|2015-07-13|2015-07-13|Torque transmission device and motor vehicle with a torque transmission device|

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